2018年12月英语四级阅读理解练习题：选词填空(4)
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
Rock and roll is a genre of popular music that evolved in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Its 47 lie mainly in blues, rhythm and blues, country, folk, gospel, and jazz. The style subsequently spread to the rest of the world and developed further, leading ultimately to 48 rock music.
The term “rock and roll” now covers at least two different meanings, both in common usage. The American Heritage Dictionary and the Merriam-Webster Dictionary both 49 rock and roll as synonymous with rock music.
50 , Allwords.com defines the term as referring specifically to the music of the 1950s.
Classic rock and roll is 51 played with one or two electric guitars, a string bass or an electric bass guitar, and a drum kit. In the 52 rock and roll styles of the late 1940s, either the piano or saxophone was often the lead instrument, but these were generally 53 or supplemented by the guitar in the middle to late 1950s.
The massive popularity and eventual worldwide view of rock and roll gave it a 54 social impact. Far beyond simply a musical style, rock and roll, as seen in movies and in the new medium of television, 55 lifestyles, fashion, attitudes, and language. It went on to spawn various sub-genres, often without the initially 56 backbeat, that are now more commonly called simply “rock music” or “rock”.
A) define I) followed B) characteristic J) modern
C) unique K) explanation D) roots L) Conversely
E) usually M) replaced F) Basically N) prepare
G) earliest O) seldoH) influenced
【答案解析】
47. D)。此处需要一个名词。此处讲的是摇滚主要植根于布鲁斯、节奏布鲁斯、乡村音乐、民歌、福音歌以及爵士乐。
48. J)。此处需要一个形容词。参见上题解析可知，摇滚最终发展为现代的摇滚音乐。
49. A)。此处需要一个动词。根据前面出现的两个词典给出的解释及后面的内容可以推断，这里是对摇滚进行定义。
50. L)。此处需要一个副词。根据上下文可知，ALLwords.com与前两个词典的定义不同，它将摇滚定义为20世纪50年代的音乐而不是现代音乐。
51. E)。此处需要一个副词。根据上下文可知，古典摇滚乐通常由如下乐器合奏：一两把电吉他;一个弦贝司或电贝司;一组架子鼓。
52. G)。此处需要一个形容词。根据下文出现的1940s这个时间可知，这里讲的是20世纪40年代末期出现的最早的摇滚风格。
53. M)。此处需要一个动词。根据下文“or supplemented by the guitar”可知，钢琴与萨克斯风这些早期主打乐器被20世纪50年代中后期的吉他所取代或补充。
54. C)。此处需要一个形容词。根据上下文可知，摇滚对社会产生的影响是独特的。
55. H)。此处需要一个动词。此处讲的是，除了音乐风格，在电影及电视媒体里均可见摇滚对生活风格、流行、态度及语言的影响。
56. B)。此处需要一个形容词。此处讲摇滚继续发展成各种不同的类型，一般都没有摇滚乐初期特有的强节奏基调。
2018年12月英语四级阅读理解练习题：选词填空(5)
A sunflower is a sunflower. A mobile phone is a mobile phone. But can you 47 the two to do something for your local 48 ?
It may well be possible. When you have finished with your mobile phone you will be able to 49 it in the garden or a plant pot and wait for it to flower.
50 , a biodegradable (生物可降解的)mobile phone was introduced by scientists. It is hoped that the new type of phone will encourage 51 to recycle.
Scientists have come up with a new material over the last five years. It looks like any other 52 and can be hard or soft. and able to change shape. Overtime it can also break down into the soil without giving out any toxic 53 . British researchers used the new material to develop a phone cover that contains a sunflower seed. When this new type of cover turns into waste, it 54 nitrates(硝酸盐). These feed the seed and help the flower grow.
Engineers have designed a small 55 window to hold the seed. They have made sure it only grows when the phone is thrown away.
"We've only put sunflower seeds into the covers so far. But we are working with plant 56 to find out which flowers would perform best. Maybe we could put roses in next time," said one scientist.
[A] Recently [B] consumer [C] chemical [D] environment [E] combine
[F] transparent [G] buy [H] companion [I] experts [J] forms [K] bury
[L] paper [M] paper [N] plastic [O] Usually
【答案解析】
47. E 该空应填入动词原形，选项中只有E、G和K是动词原形。文章前两句点明两者是截然不同的东西，这里用but一转，讲能不能把两者结合起来，E最符合文章。
48. D 本题需通读下文，对整篇文章有所了解才能得出答案。由下文的相关信息词biodegradable (生物可降解的)，recycle(回收)等可知D最符合文意。
49. K 该名前半句讲手机报废，所以极可能是把废弃的手机扔进或埋进花园，动词原形的E. G. K中，K最符合文意。
50. A 分析空格所在句的句子结构，空格处应充当状语成分且需大写，结合词义，选项中A符合文意。
51. B 结合句意“这种新型手机有望激励________进行回收利用”可推知此空应填入表示人的名词，故B最符合文意。
52. N 前句提到科学家开发了一种新材料，接着谈到这种新材料像其他________一样容易塑形，这正是塑料的特性，故选N。
53. C 空格所在句意为“随着时间的流逝，它也能分解到土壤里，而且不会释放出任何有毒的__ ______”，分解多半与化学有关，所以空格处应填入chemicals(化学物质)。
54. J 该空需填入第三人称单数的动词形式，选项中只有J符合文意。
55. F 该空需填入一个形容词，选项中只有F和O是形容词，F(透明的)符合文意。因为只有透明的才方便工程师观察，才有下面的make sure一说。
56. I 由句意“但我们(工程师)现在正和植物________合作…”可知，空格处应选表一类人的名词，且用可数形式，B、I中I符合文意。
2018年12月英语四级阅读理解练习题：选词填空(6)
Perhaps like most Americans you have some extra pounds to 47 . You may even have tried a fad diet or two, but found yourself right back where you started. The key to weight loss is regular 48 activity. And surprisingly, you don't have to give up eating or make the gym your second home to see long-term, 49 effects.
You body needs a certain amount of energy to maintain basic 50 such as breathing, blood circulation and digestion. The energy required to keep your organs functioning is referred to as the resting or basal metabolic rate.
Any time you are active, 51 energy is required. It is obtained from glycogen and fat stored in the blood, liver, and muscles. The key to losing weight is to draw on the fat rather than on the carbohydrate reserves.
Which of the two energy sources you use depends on the intensity and 52 of your activity. The higher the intensity, the more your body will pull from the stored carbohydrates. The lower the intensity, the more your body will 53 on fat as its fuel.
Aerobic exercise is most 54 for weight loss. When you perform aerobic activities you 55 contract large muscle groups such as your legs and arms. Walking, running, rollerblading, swimming, dancing, and jumping jacks are all forms of aerobic activity.
Surprisingly, if your aerobic activity is low to moderately intense and of long duration, you will burn more fat than if you had 56 in a short burst of high-intensity exercise. In short, a brisk 30-minute walk will burn fat while a 100-yard sprint will burn glycogen.
[A] positive[B] additional[C] duration[D] effective [E] shed [F] physical
[G] food [H] functions [I] participated [J] rely [K] cut [L] repeatedly
[M] uses [N] little [O] obvious
【答案解析】
47. E 该空需填入动词原形，结合原意“和大多数美国人一梯状，你(的体重)可能也有几磅需要________”可知，E(去除)最符合文意。
48. F 结合常识和下文可知，F最符合文意。
49. A 结合句意“令人惊奇的是，为了看到长期________效果你不必节食或常去健身馆”，可知空格处需填一形容词，初选后留下A、D。由于下文只是讲到运动会帮助减肥，但并未说明它的效果明显，所以此处宜选用意思上更宽泛的positive(正面的，有效的)。
50. H 下文举例的breathing, blood circulation and digestion都是人体的基本功能，且其后的functioning已给出了提示，故H最符合文意。
51. B 该空需填入形容词，结合常识和句意“任何时候只要你活动，你都需要________能量”来看选项，B(额外的)符合文意。
52. C 该句句意为“采用这两种能量消耗来源中的哪一种取决于你活动的强度和________”，结合下文提到的...low to moderately intense and of long duration...可知C最符合文意。
53. J 结合句意“(活动的)强度越低，身体越________于脂肪作为其燃料”，该空应填入能和on搭配的动词，J最符合文意。
54. D 结合常识可知，有氧运动是最有效的减肥方式，选项中D最符合文意。
55. L 该空需填入副词，选项中只有L和N可作副词，由下文提到的walking, running, swimming, dancing, and jumping等可推知在这些有氧运动中四肢的活动是反复的，故排除N。
56. I 该空需填入动词的过去分词，结合句意“如果你已经________高强度、爆发性的运动，你会燃烧更多的脂肪”可知I最符合文意。
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