小学英语语法:小升初必会英语语法 虚拟语气

如果你看到下列的句子，你会认为它们是正确的还是错的呢？

1.I wish I were a bird.

2.We request that you be here tomorrow.

也许你会说:"哈哈，第一句的 I were 错了，应该是 I was；而第二句中的 you be是什么东东呀？不是 you are, 也不是 you will be, 什么 you be?!"其实上面的句子都是一种称为 Subjunctive 类型的句子。Subjunctive Mood 有的书译为"假设语气"，虽不很贴切；但在相当大的程度上，告诉我们这种句子的特点。Subjunctive Mood中文译作"虚拟语气"，似乎不及"假设语气"那么容易明白。它是一种动词形式，表示说话人的某种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义。基本上，虚拟语气可分为虚拟现在(Subjunctive Present)和虚拟过去(Subjunctive Past)两种；但它们和时态(Tenses)上所指的现在时态(Present Tense)和过去时态(Past Tense)是有所不同的。

一、虚拟现在(Subjunctive Present):

虚拟现在的句子，在任何时候都要用动词的原形(root form)，就算是第三人称(he,she, it)也是如此。如：

1.1 现在时态(Simple Present): (右边为虚拟语气)

I work ---- I work

you work ---- you work

he works ---- he work (注意到了吗，是 work，不是 works)

she works ---- she work (不是 she works 喔）

it works ---- it work(同样不是 it works 喔)

we work ---- we work

they work ---- they work

1.2现在进行时态(Present Continuous):(右边为虚拟语气）

I am working ---- I be working (注意用的是 be，怪怪的!)

you are working ---- you be working

he is working ---- he be working

she is working ---- she be working

it is working ---- it be working

we are working ---- we be working

they are woring ---- they be working

1.3现在完成时态(Present Perfect):(右边为虚拟语气)

I have worked ---- I have worked

you have worked ---- you have worked

he has worked ----- he have worked (用的还是have喔)

she has worked ---- she have worked

it has worked ---- it have worked

we have worked ---- we have worked

they have worked ---- they have worked

1.4现在完成进行时态(Present Perfect Continuous):(右边为虚拟语气)

I have been working ---- I have been working

you have been working ---- you have been working

he has been working ---- he have been working(是 he have, 不是 he has )

she has been working ---- she have been working

it has been working --- it have been working

we have been working ---- we have been working

they have been working ---- they have been working

谈谈虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)（二）

二、虚拟过去(Subjunctive Past)

虚拟过去的动词无论在什么情况之下都要用过去复数形式。如：动词 be，在虚拟过去中要用 were。

2.1过去时态(Simple Past):(右边为虚拟语气)

I worked ---- I worked

you worked ---- you worked

he worked ---- he worked

she worked ---- she worked

it worked ---- it worked

we worked ---- we worked

they worked ---- they worked

2.2过去进行时态(Past Continuous):(右边为虚拟语气)

I was working ---- I were working （注意是 I were）

you were working ---- you were working

he was working ---- he were working (是 he were 喔)

she was working ---- she were working

it was working ---- it were working

we were working ---- we were working

they were working ---- they were working

2.3过去完成时态(Past Perfect):(右边为虚拟语气)

I had worked ---- I had worked

you had worked ---- you had worked

he had worked ---- he had worked

she had worked ---- she had worked

it had worked ---- it had worked

we had worked ---- we had worked

they had worked ---- they had worked

(耶，全部都用 had ! )

2.4过去完成进行时态(Past Perfect Continuous):(右边为虚拟语气)

I had been working ---- I had been working

you had been working ---- you had been working

he had been working ---- he had been working

she had been working ---- she had been working

it had been working ---- it had been working

we had been working ---- we had been working

they had been working ---- they had been working