中考英语语法:中学生英语学习常见错误一览表18

中学生英语学习常见错误一览表18

S

?

safe

[误] The brave man safed the boy from drowning.?

[正] The brave man saved the boy from drowning.?

[析] safe是形容词,如: They wished him a safe journey. safely是副词,如: The young man drives his car safely. 而safety是名词,如: safety island(安全岛),Safety first!(安全第一!)但save是动词。

same ?

[误] Yesterday I got a postcard. It is the same that you got the day before yesterday.?

[正] Yesterday I got a postcard. It is the same as you got the day before yesterday.?

[析] the same that意为"即是",而the same as才能译为"像……一样的。"?

[误] Your book is not same as mine.?

[正] Your book is not the same as mine.?

[析] the same as中的定冠词不能少。

say ?

[误] His report wrote she is nineteen.?

[正] His report says she is nineteen.?

[析] 中文中常讲"报告上写到"、"信上写到",这样的"写"在英文中要用say.?

say speak talk tell

?

英文中"说"一般有四个词,其中say和tell为及物动词。tell可以加双宾语,如Please tell me a story. 而speak与talk为不及物动词。speak只有后面直接加"语言"时才是及物的,如: Please speak English. 请看下句: He went on talking for a long time, but he spoke so fast that few of us could catch what he said.?

sea ?

[误] As a boy his great ambition(抱负) was to go to the sea.?

[正] As a boy his great ambition was to go to sea.?

[析] go to sea为"去当水手、海员";而go to the sea=go to the seaside, 如: He want to go to the sea for his vacation.?

在"海中"游泳为in the sea; at sea为在"海上航行",如: I have a brother at sea. by sea为"坐船"、"由海路运输",如: We travelled to New York by sea.?

second ?

[误] I want to learn the second foreign language.?

[正] I want to learn a second foreign language.?

[析] 当作为"第二"外语,"再增加一个"时,不要用the second而要用a second. the second强调排队的次序,a second强调再增加一个。?

see ?

[误] He was seen leave the room.?

[正] He was seen to leave the room.?

[析] see作主动态时用作to see somebody do something, 而用作被动态时则是somebody to be seen to do something. 要注意惯用法let me see(让我想想)。?

sheep ?

[误] There are five sheeps on the grass.?

[正] There are five sheep on the grass.?

[析] sheep是单、复数同形名词,其他的还有: deer(鹿),fish(鱼)等。?

ship ?

[误] I travelled on a yacht.?

[正] I travelled on a ship (in a yacht).?

[析] 虽然都是船,但游艇(yacht)要用in, 而ship要用on.?

sick ?

[误] The little boy was a ill boy.?

[正] The little boy was a sick boy.?

[析] sick与ill作表语时都表示"有病"之意,如: He feels ill. 或He feels sick. 都对,但作定语时则只能用sick.?

since ?

[误] He is living in Greece since 1978.?

[正] He has lived in Greece since 1978.?

[正] He has been living in Greece since 1978.?

[析]

由since引出的状语从句意为"自从"某时一直如何,主句要用完成时或完成进行时。 ?

[误] She has been quite different since came back from America.?

[正] She has been quite different since coming back from America.?

[析] 分词短语可以用在after, before, since等介词后面。?

sleep ?

[误] The boy was very asleep.?

[正] The boy was fast asleep.?

[析] 熟睡在英文中为fast asleep. 非正式英语中一般不常用He's sleeping. 而常讲He's asleep. 其形容词sleepy是"困倦的",如: I shall go to bed now. I'm so sleepy. "卧铺"英国人讲sleeping car,而美国人讲sleeper.?

slow ?

[误] Slow the door opened.?

[正] Slowly the door opened.?

[析] slow与slowly的用法与意思相同,在口语中和路标中多用slow,如: Tell him to drive slower. Slow, dangerous bend. 但是如果用在动词前还是要用slowly.?

smile ?

[误] She smiled to me.?

[正] She smiled at me.?

[析] "冲着某人笑"应为to smile at somebody.?

so ?

[误] It is such beautiful a book that every child likes it.?

[正] It is such a beautiful book that every child likes it.?

[正] It is so beautiful a book that every child likes it.?

[析] 关于so与such用法的区别有四种情况: ① 用于单数可数名词之前,其格式为"such+不定冠词+形容词+名词",而"so+形容词+不定冠词"。② 用于可数名词复数或不可数名词前,只能用 such,如: It is such good weather that we want to go for a walk. They are such good students that they can pass the exam easily. ③ 在只有形容词时只能用so,如: It is so good that I like it very much.④ 在many, much, few, little这四个词前只能用so而不能用such。如: I have so little money that I can't buy the dictionary.?

[误] He got up early so as he could catch the first bus.?

[正] He got up early so as to catch the first bus.?

[正] He got up early so that he could catch the first bus.?

[正] He got up so early that he could catch the first bus.?

some

?

[误] Do you have some lessone to prepare??

[正] Do you have any lessons to prepare??

[析] 在疑问句或否定句中要用any; some多用在肯定句中,如: I have some money to buy it.?

在请求,或真心希望得到肯定答复时,在疑问句中也要用some,如: Would you like something to drink?即真心实意希望为对方提供饮料。又如: Could you lend me some money?即真心想要借到钱。?

sometime ?

[误] I have sometime thought that I should like to live in the country.?

[正] I have sometimes thought that I should like to live in the country.?

sometime sometimes some times sometime ?

sometime为"某个时候"、"总有一天",如: We'll meet again sometime next year. 或过去的"某一时刻",如: I saw her sometime in July. sometimes为"有时候"、"时常"、"常常",如: Every man is a fool sometimes, and none at all times. Some times为"若干次",如: I visited America some times. May be five or seven times. I am not sure. Some time则是"一段时间"、"一些时候",如: I want to leave some time.?

soon ?

[误] The room as soon as became crowded.?

[正] The room soon became crowded.?

[析] soon为"不久"、"很快",如: I'll be there very soon. 而as soon as意为"一……就……",如: As soon as I finished my homework I went out to play football.?

sound ?

[误] The report sounds well.?

[正] The report sounds good.?

[析] sound作动词时其后接形容词而不接副词,如: How sweet the music sounds!?

sport ?

[误] Are you going to run in the school sprot??

[正] Are you going to run in the school sprots??

[析] sport用作可数名词单数时指具体的某项运动,如: Basketball is an indoor sport. 而在泛指"运动"或"运动会"时要用其复数形式sports.?

spring ?

[误] I'll visit America in this spring.?

[正] I'll visit America in spring.?

[正] I'll visit America this spring.?

[析] 英语一年四季前如果有that, this, last, next等词,则其前面不要再加介词。这样的用法还有周、月、年等。请看下面句子中的用法有何不同: He told me that she did it on the next day. 这时是指过去某一天的第二天,所以才有这种用法。如果以现在为时间基点的第二天应为I'll do it next day.?

start ?

[误] What time will you start to San Francisco??

[正] What time will you start for San Francisco??

[析] start与leave一样,其后接"for+目的地"。?

begin start ?

begin与start在很多场合下是一样的意思,如: We started/began to study English two years ago. 但在如下场合则不能用begin: ① 作为"启程"讲,如: I think we ought to start at six. ② 表示"开始工作",如: The car won't start. (车子发动不起来。) ③ 作为"开动"、"启动"讲,如: Do you know how to start this machine.?

still ?

[误] Oh, it is still raining now.?

[正] Oh, it is still raining.?

[析] 因still即包含有现在仍然如何,所以now是多余词。?

still yet already ?

still一般与动词连用,可放于句子中间用以说明过去开始的动作现在仍然在继续,特别用来表示我们希望它早点停止。如: I've been thinking for hours, but I still can't decide. yet一般放于句末,用在疑问句与否定句中。如: Has the postman come yet? already则与动词连用,可放于句中表示某事的发生比预期的要早,如: I've already finished my homework.?

stop ?

[误] When the teacher came into the classroom the students stopped to talk.?

[正] When the teacher came into the classroom the students stopped talking.?

[析] stop to do something是"停下来去做某事",而stop doing something是"停止做某事"。?

street ?

[误] There is a narrow winding street from our village to the next one.?

[正] There is a narrow winding road from our village to the next one.?

[析] street一般指城市中两旁有建筑物的"街道",而road多指乡间的"路"。?

strict ?

[误] You ought to be strict to him.?

[正] You ought to be strict with him.?

[析] be strict with是"对……严格的"。?

such ?

[误] Do you want to have such a dictionary??

[正] Do you want to have such a good dictionary??

[正] Do you want to have a dictionary like that??

[析] such作加强语气时一般是"such+(冠词)形容词+名词",如: It's such a good book. 但如果名词前没有形容词则要看其名词是否具有"能显示程度的含意",如: I've got such a headache. You are such fools!否则在such与名词之间一定要有形容词。?

sure ?

[误] I am quite sure for that answer.?

[正] I am quite sure of that answer.?

[析] sure用于句中表示"对……事有确实把握"时应跟of或about,而不跟for,如: I'm sure about (of) his ability to control this machine.?

sweet ?

[误] Honey tastes sweetly.?

[正] Honey tastes sweet.?

[析] sweet可以作为名词,意为"糖果",是可数名词,如: May I have a sweet?作形容词,如: The child looked very sweet. 而sweetly为副词,意为"甜美地"、"悦耳地"。要注意taste为感观动词,其后面要接形容词而不是副词。?