英语语法表解2
25 交际英语
类别 A(问) B(答)
①Greetings(问候) How do you do?
(I'm) pleased/glad to see you.
How are you?
How are things (with you)?
How are you doing(getting on)?
Good morning(afternoon;evening;
Night)!
Goodbye! Bye_--Bye!
Remember me to your family!
Please give my regards to sb! How do you do?
(I'm) pleased/glad to see you.
Fine,thank you(and you)?
All right,thanks.
Very well,thank you.
Good morning(afternoon;evening;
Night)!
Bye_--Bye! See you later!
I will do that,thank you!
I will do that,thanks !
②Weather、time、date(天气、时间、日期) What's the date today?
What was the date yesterday?
What day (of the week) is it today?
What time is it?
What's the time by your watch?
What's the weather like today?
How is the weather today?
What's the temperature today?
It's January 5th
It was September 3rd.
It's Wednesday.
It's 6:26.
It's 8:22.
It's sunny/fine/cold/rainy/windy/
It's cloudy/snowy.
It's 260c.
③Good wishes、congratulations(祝福) Happy New Year To You!
Wish You a Merry Chritmas!
Have a nice weekend!
Wish you success/good luck!
Happy birthday to you!
Congratulate you! Congratulations! Thank you,you too.
Thank you,the same to you.
Thank you and I wish you the same.
Thank you very much!
Many thanks!
Thank you !
④Compliments(称赞) You look very pretty.
Your hair is very beautiful.
Your handwriting is very good.
How lucky you are!
The dress suits you very well. Thank you for saying so.
You are very kind.
It's very nice/kind of you to say so.
Oh,you flatter me(I'm flattered).
I'm glad you think so.
⑤Gratitude(感谢) Many thanks(thanks a lot)!
Thank you for helping me!
I'm really grateful/thankful to you!
I'm much obliged to you!
I greatly appreciate your help.
It's very nice/kind of you to say so. Not at all.
You are welcome.
(It's) my pleasure.
It's a pleasure.
That's all right.
Please don't mention it.
⑥Apology(道歉) I'm (terribly) sorry (about sth ).
Excuse me for my smoking here.
Please excuse my coming late.
Pardon me for my sneezing. Never mind.
That's all right.
It's nothing.
It doesn't matter.
⑦Request(请求) May I ask a favor of you?
Would you do me a favor?
Will you fetch me a drink?
Can/Could you lend me a pen?
May I trouble you to do…? (肯定回答):Certainly,I'd be glad to; I'd like/love to;With pleasure;Yes,all
right(of course);OK.
(否定回答):I'm afraid I can't;I'd like
to, but I don't …;I'm sorry but I…
⑧Permission(许可) Would you mind my smoking ?
Would you mind if open the door?
(肯定回答):No,just go ahead; Not in
the least; Not at all; Certainly not;
No , do it please; Of course not,do as
Please.
(否定回答):I'm afraid you can't; I'm sorry…; I'd rather you didn't.
⑨Suggestion(建义) Shall we go out for a hike ?
Let's go out for a hike.
What/How about going out for a hike?
Why not go out for a hike?
Why don't we go out for a hike? (肯定回答):All right;I'd love/like to; (That's a) good idea;That's ok; Great idea;
(否定回答):I'd like/love to,but I can't afford the time;I don't think
I will, but thank you all the same;
No,I don't think so.
⑩Soliciting opinions(征求意见) Could I open the window?
Will you allow me to park here?
May I smoke here?
Would you like to have some coffee?
Shall I make you some tea? (肯定回答):Yes,please;Yes, certainly;Yes,do as you please;
Yes,I'd like/love some.
(否定回答): I'm afraid you can't; I'm sorry…; I'd rather you didn't;No,thank you( I'm full; I have had enough);All right, just
a little.
⑾Telephone(电话) Hello/Hi! Who is that? Who's that speaking? Is that you,Mum?
Is that No.1Middle School (Mr.Tom)?
May I speak to Mr.Bush?
May I leave a message? This is John (speaking).
Hold on ( a minute) , please.
Would you like to leave a message?
Can I take a message for you?
⑿Shopping(购物) What can I do for you?
May /Can I help you?
How much is the book?
What/How much does it cost?
What's the price of the book?
How much do you want/sell for the pen?
What color and size do you want/take+? I'd like to buy/get a pen;
Will you show me a book?
Have you got any pens?
Do you sell pens?
May/Could I have a look at the
books? I want to buy sth for sb;
It's 10 yuan; It costs 5 dollars.
I'd like red and size 6.
⒀Asking the way(问 路) Excuse me,but could you tell me the
Way to…?Is this the right way to the station?Which is the best/nearest/
shortest way to the airport? It's over there;Go along/down
the street until you come to…;
Go ahead and turn left at the first crossing; Go across the street
and take Bus No.6 to…; I'm sorry ,I'm a stranger.
⒁Seeing a doctor(看医生) What's wrong /the trouble / the
Matter with you ? What's happened to you? Is there
Anything wrong with you ? I don't feel well; I'm not
feeling well; I'm afraid I'm ill;
I have a cold; I feel a pain in my chest.
⒂(其它) If we don't hear or understand what
Other people say, we usually say….. I beg your pardon?
Pardon me? Pardon? Sorry? What?
表25 精选练习(情景交际、惯用法)
1.It's a fine day .Let's go fishing ,______?
A.won't we B.will we C.don't we D. shall we
2.---Do you mind my taking this seat? ----_____________.
A. Yes ,sit down please B. No,of course not C.Yes, take it please D. No, you can't take it.
3.Don't smoke in the meeting room,_______?
A. do you B.will you C. can you D.could you
4.-----Have a nice weekend! ------________________.
A.The same to you B.You do too C. The same as you D.You have it too
5.-----Hello.May I speak to Zhao Hua? ---Yes._______________.
A.My name's Zhao Hua B.I'm Zhao Hua C.This is Zhao Hua speaking D. Zhao Hua's me
6.---Please don't make a noise. ----________.I'll be as quiet as a mouse.
A.Yes, I won't B.No,I won't C.No, I will D. Yes, I will
7. Be sure to write to us, ______?
A.will you B.aren't you C.can you D.mustn't you
8.---Let me itroduce myself ,I'm Albert .----__________.
A.What a pleasure B.It's my pleasure C.Pleased to meet you D.I'm very pleased
9.---How's the young man?-----_________.
A.He's twenty B.He's a doctor C.He's much better D.He's David
10.----Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend ?----____________.
A.I don't believe B. I don't believe it C. I believe not so D.I believe not
11.---Hi, haven't seen you for ages! You look fine.
---_______.You look fine ,too. A.Great B.Thanks C.Oh, no D.Not at all
12.---Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.------____________.
A.I don't B. I won't C.I can't D. I haven't
13. Don't all speak at once ! ________,please .
A.Each at one time B.One by one time C.One for each time D. One at a time
14.I'll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?
----Not at all._________.
A. I've no time B.I'd rather not C.I'd like it D.I'd be very happy to
15.---I'm sorry I broke your cup.-------Oh,really?______________.
A.It's OK with me B.It doesn't matter C.Don't be sorry D.I don't care
16.----Can I help you,sir?------Yes, I bought this radio here yesterday, but it_________.
A. didn't work B.won't work C.can't work D.doesn't work
17.---Do you think I could borrow your dictionary?-----___________.
A.Yes, you may borrow B.Yes, you could C. Yes, help yourself D.Yes, go on.
18.---I'd like to invite you to dinner this Saturday, Mr Smith.---_________.
A.Oh ,no, let's not B.I'd rather stay at home
C.I'm very sorry ,but I have other plans D.Oh,no.That'll be too much trouble
19.---Thank you ever so much for the book you sent me .---______________.
A.No thanks B.I'm glad you like it C.Please don't say so D.No,it's not so good
20.---____________.--------Thank you, I certainly will.
A.Happy birthday to you B . Let me help you with your maths
C.Please remember me to Mum D.Don't forget to post the letter
21.---I wonder if I could use your telephone.--------____________.
A.I wonder how B.I don't wonder
C.Sorry, It's out of order D.No wonder , here it is
22.---Wasn't it Dr Wang who spoke to you just now?----___________________.
A.I didn't know he was B. Yes ,it is
C.No, he wasn't D.Yes, both
23.---Which would you rather have , tea or coffee?----________________.
A. Sure , I would B.Yes,please C.Yes ,both D.Neither , thank you
24---Sorry, I couldn't come to the party. I was sick that day. -------__________.
A. I don't know that B.That's all right
C.Yes. we will have another party D.No, the party wasn't held
25.---You haven't been to Beijing , have you?-----_____________-.
A. Yes, I have B .Yes, I haven't C.No, I have D. No, I haven't
26.---Can I get you a cup of tea? ------_______________.
A.That's very nice of you B.With pleasure C. You can, please D.Thank you for the tea
27.----I had a really good weekend at my uncle's.----_______________.
A.Oh, that's very nice of you B.Congratulations
C. It is a pleasure D. Oh, I am glad to hear that
表26构词法表解
一、 合成词
常见的合成形容词的方法:①副词+过去分词 newly--built新建的well--known着名的;wide--spread广泛流传的。
②副词+现在分词 hardworking勤奋的;far-reaching 深远的。
③形容词+名词+ed warm-hearted热心肠的;good-temperd脾气好的 ;noble-minded高尚的;big-nosed大鼻子的;white-haired白头发的。
④形容词+现在分词 easy-going好说话的 ;good-looking 好看的。
⑤名词+现在分词 English-speaking说英语的 ;peace-loving热爱和平的 。
⑥名词+过去分词 heart-felt由衷的;state-owned 国有的;man-made人造的。
⑦其它特殊构成:例如, ready-made现成的;over-all 总的 ;all-round全面的;first-class/rate第一流的;face-to-face 面对面的;first-aid急救的;first-hand第一手的;second-hand第二手的;second-class/rate 第二流的 ;up-to-date 时髦的;out-of-date过时的。
常见的合成名词的方法:①名词+名词 bloodtest验血;bedroom寝室;thunderstorm大雷雨;glassware玻璃制品;oilwell油井。
②形容词+名词 shorthand速记;doublebed双人床;greenhouse温室。
③动名词+ 名词 sleeping-pills安眠药;waiting-room候车室;swimming-pool游泳池;reading-room阅览室。
④名词+动名词 handwriting书法;sun-bathing日光浴;sight-seeing游览。
⑤动词+ 副词 get-together联欢会;break-through突破。
⑥动词+名词 playground操场 ;pickpocket扒手。
⑦副词+ 动词 overthrow推翻;downfall垮台;outbreak爆发。
二、 转化
① 名词可以转化为动词:例如,He cupped his hands to drink water(使手成杯状);He bought some canned food(罐装的);I have booked two tickets for the film(预定); Who will chair the meeting?(主持); In the book the writer pictured the life of women in China(描写); The hall can seat 2000 people(容纳);We will back you up(支持); They tried to nose out our plan(试探); I hope we can room together(住一个房间); China will host the 20008 Olympic Games(主办)。
② 动词(含情态动词)可以转化为名词:例如,His new play is a must for drama fans (必需的东西); I have a say in the plan(发言的权利);He likes a quiet read after supper (读书); This is for summer wear (衣物、佩带); He came here at a run(跑步); Let me have a try/rest(尝试/休息)。
③ 形容词和副词可以转化为动词:例如The bus slowed down a little(减速、放慢);His words warmed our hearts(使感到温暖);The classroom quieted down gradually(安静下来);Mistakes must be corrected(纠正);You must empty the bottle(倒空); The meeting will further their cooperation(促进)。
④ 还有一类双音节词作为动词时,其重读音节在第二音节;作为名词时,其重读音节在第一音节:例如,
digest 作为动词是消化、领会,作为名词是摘要、文摘; export出口;import进口; increase增加;permit作为动词是允许,作为名词是许可证;present作为动词是赠送、展现、上演,作为名词是礼物;progress作为动词是前进、进展,作为名词是进步、进展;record作为动词是记录、录音,作为是记录、唱片; transport运输; perfect作为形容词是完美的,作为动词是使完美;
三、 派生词
前缀及其意义 例词
un-(接动词表相反动作;接形容词表相反意思)
dis-表相反意思
in-表相反意思
im-表相反意思
ir-表相反意思
il-表相反意思
non-不
mis-错误地
re-重新
en-使
kilo-千
over-过于
under-不够
fore-预先、前
super-超级
inter-之间互相
vice-副
unhappy;unpleasant;untrue;uncomfortable;unable; unfair;unlimited;unspeakable;unforgetable;unthinkable;unlucky;unhealthy;unfit;unfruitful;unfinished;unequal;unfortunate;unfriendly;unlikely;unnatural;unreasonable;unreal;unsettled;unsuitable;unsuccessful;unusual;unprepared;undress;unpack;untie;uncover;unmanned;unbelievable.
dislike;disagree;disclose;discover;disapprove;discourage;disappear;disappoint;dishonest;
informal;incorrect;incomplete;inaccurate;infirm;
impolite;impossible;impatient;
irregular;irresponsible;
illegal;illogical;
non-stop;
misunderstand;misuse;misbehave;misdeed;misconduct;mislead;misjudge;
rewrite;redo;reread;reconsider;reuse;retell;
enable;enrich;enlarge;enlist;
kilometer;kilogram;
overweight;overwork;overestimate;oversleep;overdo;overhear;overload;overlook;overpay;
underestimate;underpay;ndersell;
foretell;forecast;forefoot;forefinger;forearm;forefather;
superman;supermarket;
international;interact;
vice-president;vice-chairman;
构成名词的后缀 词例
---er(人、家)
---or(人员、家)
---an(人、家)
---al
---ess(表女性)
---ese(人)
---ist(主义者)
---ism(主义)
---ment
----ness
----tion/sion
---ship
--ty/y
---ure
---dom
---ance
----ful(一把/嘴/调羹)
thinker;farmer;villager;harvester;killer;worker;teacher;developer;finder;
actor;sailor;translator;visitor;
American;australian;musician;physician;technician;magician;
arrival;aapproval;refusal;
hostess;waitress;actress;lioness;
Japanese;Chinese
scientist;dentist;Marxist;
tourism;materialism;socialism;optimism;
movement;argument;government;judgment;amusement;entertainment;equipment;
illness;happiness;coldness;greatness;sadness;
collection;prparation;decision;liberation;
friendship;membership;scholarship;leadership;
cruelty;safety;loyalty;activity;reality;possibility;difficulty;discovery;
failure;pressure;pleasure;
freedom;kingdom;
acceptance;assistance;
handful;mouthful;spoonful;
构成形容词的后缀
--ful充满..的
-less缺少/没有
---ish
----ive
---ous
-able/ible能够..,,具有…的.
--ic
---ly
---y
---some
---en
--an
careful;hopeful;useful;thankful;forgetful;fearful;respectful;
careless;hopeless;useless;fearless;fatherless;homeless;
selfish;childish;Swedish;
active;decisive;collective;creative;effective;
famous;dangerous;continuous;courageous;
readable;thinkable;acceptable;comfortable;agreeable;responsible;uneatable;avoidable;
respectable;unforgettable;understandable;unshakable;unprofitable;
realistic;historic;energetic;
friendly;lively;daily;weekly;注意:名词+ly构成形容词
rainy;snowy;sunny;icy;stormy;cloudy;sandy;foggy;handy;thirsty;dirty;
troublesome;tiresome;burdensome;
golden;wooden;woolen;
American;Indian;European;Canadian;
构成动词的后缀
---ize
----en
----ify
构成副词的后缀 ---ly
---ward/wards
---wise
数词的后缀
---teen
---ty
---th
realize;normalize;modernize;mechanize;
broaden;widen;strengthen;lengthen;
simplify;beautify;
happily;really;terribly;simply;hopefully; especially;specially;strangely;naturally;particularly; (注意:形容词+ly变副词)
westward;eastward;homeward;onward;
likewise;clockwise;otherwise;
thirteen; fifteen;
thirty;fifty;
fifth;sixth;twentieth;thirtieth;
语法表解精选练习题参考答案:
冠词:1---5 CACDD 6---10CCAAD 11-15CCBAD;16-20ADCCC;21----25BABDC; 26A
名词:1---5CBDAD;6---10CADCA11----15CCAAA;16-20 BAACC;21-----24DBBBA;26---30BBAAD;31---35CBBDB;36----40CABAC;41---45AABCD;46-51ACCACC
数词与主谓一致:1---5 BAADC 6---10 ACBAA;11---15AABAD;16-20ADCAB;21-23 BAD
代词:1---5 BABDD 6---10 ACDAB 11---15 ABCCB 16---20 CDBAA 21---25 CBBCA 26---30 CCCBA;31---35CCABB; 36---40 AABAD;41-45 DCDBC
形容词与副词:1---5 DACCC 6---10 DDCCA 11----15 CAADD 16---20 BDBDA 21---25 BCBAD
26---30DABAA31---35DCAAB36---40BDDBD41---45DBABD46---50CDBDB51---54BDACA;56---60CAADD;61---65AADDD;66---70 BABDA; 71---74CACB
动词时态与语态:1---5 ADBBB 6---10 BDADC 11---15 BCBAA 16---20 ADDDB 21---25 BBAAC 26---30 CDAAB 31---35 BBCDD 36---40 DBCAC 41---45 ABDCC 46---50ABDDC;51---55BCBCC; 56---60DDCCB;61---62CAA
非谓语动词:1---5DBCCA 6-10DDDAD 11---15CCBAC 16---20DDCDA 21---25CDBCD 26---30 ACBCA 31---35 CDDCC 36---40 CCABA 41---45 BDBBA;46---50BCDBA;51---55DBDCD;56---60BDABB;61---65BCABA;66----69CBDB
虚拟语气与情态动词:1---5 BAAAC 6---10 DBCCB 11---15 ABCDA 16---20 CCDBD 21---25 ADACA 26---30 CDCBA 31---35 BBCBC;36---40BBABB41---45CCBDC;46---49DDCB
简单句:1---5 CDCAA 6---10 DBCAC 11---15 DBADD 16---20 BBDAD 21---23 BBD
复合句:1---5 CACAA 6---10 CDDBB 11---15 CADCC 16---20 DDCCC 21---25 BAADB 26---30 DBBBB 31---35 BCDDB 36---40 ACBBD 41---45 ADABC 46---50 DDACD 51---55 BCDDB 56---60 BACCB 61---65 AABDD 66---70 DADBB;71---75ADDBA;76---80ADCBC;81---84CCBC
倒装句;1---5 ADBCD 6---10 BCBDA 11---15ADADB 16---17 BC
It用法:1---5 CDDDD 6---10 DCAAB 11---15 AB
介词:1---5 AACCB 6---10 AADCC 11---15 DBCCA 16---20 ACDBC 21---25ACBDA 26---30 BDCAD 31---35CCCBC;36---40BCDDA;41----45CADBA;46---48BCA
交际英语:1---5 DBBAC 6---10 BACCD 11---15 BBDDB 16---20 DCCBC 21---25 CBDBD 26---27 AD
动词与动词短语:1---5CADCA 6---10 DCBAC 11---15 ABDBB 16---20 ADBDC 21---25 ACAAB 26---30 BCABA 31---35 AAABA 36---40 ADDBD 41---45 CDABA'46---47AA
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