关系代词讲与练
一、关系代词who， whom， whose， which， that引导定语从句的基本用法：
1. who/whom/that
三者都可指代人： who作主语， whom 作宾语， that既可以作主语， 又可作宾语。
如：
He is a good teacher who/that is loved by all.
Here is the man （whom） you are looking for.
注意： ①在口语中， who 可以代替whom作宾语。②关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时， 一般可省略。
2. whose 可修饰人，也可修饰物； 修饰物时， 可与of which换用，whose在定语从句中作定语。如：
I saw some trees whose leaves were black with diseases.
= I saw some trees the leaves of which were black with diseases.
3. that/which/that/which指代物， 在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。如：
Emei is a wonderful place which/that is worth visiting.
The film （which/that） we saw last night is wonderful.
二、须特别注意以下几种特殊情况：
1. 常用that 不用which的情况：
① 先行词为all， anything， everything， nothing， something等时。如：
I will do all （that） I can to help you.
② 先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或the only， the very等所修饰时。如：
He was the only person that joined the army in his village that year.
③ 先行词既有人，又有物时。如：
They talked about the people and the things （that）they remembered in the school.
④ 当主句是以who 或which开头的疑问句时， 定语从句用that 引导， 以避免重复。如：
Who is the boy that was here just now？
2. 若被修饰的名词充当从句介词宾语时， 介词可提前于引导词之前，此时的引导词只能用whom 或which.如：
The pencil with which he was writing broke.
3. 当先行词为way时，其后的定语从句用in which或 that引导，也可不用引导词。如：
I don’t like the way （in which/that） he talks to me.
巩固练习：
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. To tell the truth， this is the only thing _______ I have in the world.
A. which B. that C. what D. of which
2. Everyone was on time for the meeting but Chris， ______ is usually ten minutes late for everything.
A. that B. which C. who D. whom
3. George Orwell， _______ was Eric Arthur， wrote many political novels and essays.
A. the real name B. what his real name
C. his real name D. whose real name
4. It is ______ he said it that surprised me.
A. the way B. in the way that
C. in the way D. the way which
5. The girl to ______ I spoke is one of my old friends.
A. who B. whom C. that D. which
Key： 1-5 BCDAB
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